1.林地（森林）資源生態產品價值核算總體目標是什么？A林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算旨在建立生態效益評估機制,促進人與自然和諧共處,保障國家和區域生態安全,指導和規范林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算技術過程,提高林地(森林)資源生態產品物質量與價值量核算的科學性、規范性和可操作性。

　　What is the overall goal of accounting for the ecological product value of forest resources? The value accounting of ecological products of forest resources aims to establish an ecological benefit evaluation mechanism, promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, ensure national and regional ecological security, guide and regulate the technical process of value accounting of ecological products of forest resources, and improve the scientific, standardized, and operable accounting of the quality and value of ecological products of forest resources.

　　2.核算的基本原則包括哪些？A基本原則包括科學性原則，根據林地(森林)資源生態產品與人類福祉的關系構建核算指標體系,以林地(森林)生態系統結構、格局和過程、產品與林地(森林)生態系統服務關系為基礎,根據不同尺度科學確定核算方法。應首選對成熟、操作性與基礎條件匹配度較好,核算成果的共識性相對較高的核算方法；實用性原則，林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算工作具有規模化、批量化開展的特征,在具體核算實施中,應兼顧精確要求與效率,根據核算范圍、林地(森林)資源生態產品的特點、核算目的和數據可獲得性,合理確定核算尺度、指標和方法,使核算結果具有實際指導作用,突出實用性；開放性原則，林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算應根據最新研究成果和政策,持續發展和完善核算指標與方法；可操作性原則，核算指標的選擇宜考慮數據的定量化和獲取的難易程度,在核算過程中具有較強的操作性；適宜性原則，根據不同核算目的,確定林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算的基本單元,并確定需要核算的林地(森)資源生態產品對應的核算指標,從而選用合適的方法進行核算。其中,宏觀尺度考慮現有數據庫資料和核算實際需求來選取指標。

　　What are the basic principles of accounting? The basic principles of A include the principle of scientificity, constructing an accounting indicator system based on the relationship between forest resources, ecological products, and human well-being. Based on the structure, pattern, and process of forest ecosystems, as well as the relationship between products and forest ecosystem services, accounting methods are scientifically determined at different scales. The preferred accounting method should be one that is mature, operationally compatible with basic conditions, and has a relatively high consensus on accounting results; The principle of practicality states that the value accounting of forest resources and ecological products has the characteristics of being carried out on a large scale and in batches. In the specific implementation of accounting, precision requirements and efficiency should be taken into account. Based on the accounting scope, characteristics of forest resources and ecological products, accounting objectives, and data availability, reasonable accounting scales, indicators, and methods should be determined to provide practical guidance for the accounting results and highlight practicality; The principle of openness states that the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources should be based on the latest research results and policies, and the accounting indicators and methods should be continuously developed and improved; The principle of operability, the selection of accounting indicators should consider the quantification of data and the difficulty of obtaining them, and have strong operability in the accounting process; The principle of suitability determines the basic units for accounting the value of ecological products of forest resources based on different accounting purposes, and identifies the corresponding accounting indicators for the ecological products of forest resources that need to be accounted for, in order to select appropriate methods for accounting. Among them, the macro scale considers existing database data and actual accounting needs to select indicators.

　　3.林地（森林）資源生態產品價值核算包括哪些產品？A包括資源物質供給產品、資源調節服務產品、資源文化服務產品。林地(森林)資源物質供給產品一般指人類從林地(森林)生態系統獲得的林木、森林產品(林果、食品、藥材、原材料等)等各種物質供給,廣義的物質供給產品指生態系統提供的,包括林地在內所有可利用的物質供給。林地(森林)資源調節服務產品是指人類從林地(森林)生態系統獲得的固碳釋氧、水源涵養、防風固沙、水質凈化和保育土壤等各種調節服務。林地(森林)資源文化服務產品是指人類從林地(森林)生態系統獲得的森林康養、科研教育等各種文化服務。

　　What products are included in the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources? A includes resource material supply products, resource regulation service products, and resource cultural service products. The material supply products of forest resources generally refer to various material supplies obtained by humans from forest ecosystems, such as trees, forest products (fruits, food, medicinal herbs, raw materials, etc.). Broadly speaking, material supply products refer to all available material supplies provided by ecosystems, including forest land. Forest resource regulation service products refer to various regulation services obtained by humans from forest ecosystems, such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water source conservation, wind and sand prevention, water purification, and soil conservation. Forest resources cultural service products refer to various cultural services such as forest health, scientific research and education obtained by humans from forest ecosystems.

　　4.什么是林地(森林)資源生態產品物質量核算？A林地(森林)資源生態產品物質量核算是對林地(森林)資源生態產品的物質量進行核算,一般包括木材生產量、森林產品產量、固碳釋氧量水源涵養量、防風固沙量、保育土壤量、水質凈化量等,廣義的林地(森林)資源生態產品物質量還包括林地資源量。

　　What is the accounting of ecological product quality of forest resources? The quality accounting of ecological products of forest resources is the calculation of the quality of ecological products of forest resources, generally including wood production, forest product production, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water source conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, soil conservation, water purification, etc. In a broad sense, the quality of ecological products of forest resources also includes the quantity of forest resources.

　　5.什么是林地(森林)資源生態產品價值量核算？A林地(森林)資源生態產品價值量核算是對林地(森林)資源生態產品進行以貨幣為計量單位的核算,即通過結合各類林地(森林)資源生產品的參考價格,以一定數學運算得到以貨幣化形式呈現的林地(森林)資源生態產品價值的計算過程。

　　5. What is the accounting of the ecological product value of forest resources? The value accounting of ecological products of forest resources is the process of calculating the value of ecological products of forest resources in monetary form by combining the reference prices of various forest resources and products, and using certain mathematical operations.

　　6.林地（森林）資源生態產品價值核算基本流程包括哪些？A林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算的主要工作程序包括，根據核算目的,確定林地(森林)資源生態產品價值核算的區域范圍,確定基本核算事項和核算尺度,劃分基本核算單元,充分收集相關基礎資料，并根據工作需要開展補充調查,核算林地(森林)資源物質供給產品和調節服務產品的物質量,以物質量核算結果為基礎,結合相關產品價格數據,核算林地(森林)資源物質供給產品和調節服務產品的價值量。基于統計資料和調查問卷核算文化服務的價值量,在此基礎上核算林地(森林)資源生態產品價值量總值。

　　What are the basic processes for calculating the ecological product value of forest resources? The main work procedure for the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources includes determining the regional scope of the value accounting of ecological products of forest resources based on the accounting purpose, determining the basic accounting items and scales, dividing the basic accounting units, fully collecting relevant basic information, and conducting supplementary investigations according to work needs to account for the material supply products and regulatory service products of forest resources. Based on the results of material quality accounting, combined with relevant product price data, the value of material supply products and regulatory service products of forest resources is calculated. Based on statistical data and survey questionnaires, calculate the value of cultural services, and then calculate the total value of ecological products of forest resources.

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